Electric arc furnace (EAF) is an electric furnace for smelting ores and metals at high temperature produced by electrode arc. When gas discharge forms arc, the energy is very concentrated, and the temperature of arc region is above 3000 C. For smelting metals, EAF is more flexible than other steelmaking furnaces. It can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur and phosphorus. The furnace temperature is easy to control and the equipment occupies a small area. It is suitable for smelting high-quality alloy steel. ...

Ladle refining furnace refers to the equipment with heating and refining function of the furnace. It is an important metallurgical equipment used for refining molten steel in primary smelting furnace (electric arc furnace, open hearth, converter), adjusting temperature of molten steel, cushioning process and meeting continuous casting and rolling requirements. Ladle furnace is one of the main equipments for out-of-furnace refining. ...

Ferroalloy furnaces include deep reduction furnaces and ferroalloy refining arc furnaces, which are heated by arc and equipped with three graphite electrodes. Ferroalloy furnaces are generally round, and the furnace body is divided into fixed furnace body and tilting furnace body. It is a kind of electric furnace which combines the advantages of electric arc furnace and submerged arc furnace. This kind of electric furnace can withstand high furnace temperature in open arc smelting like electric arc furnace. It can work continuously in high reducing atmosphere in furnace like submerged arc furnace, intermittent iron tapping and slag discharging. This kind of ferroalloy furnace can be used for smelting ferroalloys such as high titanium slag, ferronickel, ferrochromium, medium and low carbon ferroalloys, tungsten slag, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, etc. ...

The equipment structure of VOD vacuum refining furnace and VD vacuum refining furnace is basically the same. The main difference is that VOD refining furnace adds oxygen lance, lifting system and oxygen supply system on the top of vacuum sealing cover, and oxygen is blown to decarburize the molten steel in the ladle under vacuum condition. This method has the functions of decarbonization, deoxidation, degassing, desulfurization and alloying. VD/VOD is used in vacuum refining of molten steel. There are two types of structure: tank cover type and tank car type....