Steelmakingprocessusingarcheatingfurnacechargeforsmelting.Thealternatingcurrentisfedintothefurnacethroughthreegraphiteelectrodes,andanarcisgeneratedbetweenthelowerendoftheelectrodeandthemetalcharge.Thechargingisheateddirectlybythehightemperatureofthearc,sothatthesteelmakingprocesscanbecarriedout.ThemainrawmaterialofEAFsteelmakingisscrapsteel.Accordingtothedifferenceofliningmaterialandslaggingmaterial,therearealkalinemethodandacidicmethod.Themostcommonlyusedmethodisalkalinemethod.Electricenergyisusedasheatsourceinelectricarcfurnacesteelmakingtoavoidthepollutionofsulphurcontainedingasheatsourcetosteel;flexibleoperationprocess,slagandfurnacegascanbeadjustedtooxidizeorreduce;strongreducibilitycanmakethepreciouselementschromium,nickel,tungsten,molybdenum,vanadium,titaniumcontainedinburdenverylittleburningloss;furnacetemperatureishigh,easytocontrol;productqualityishigh.
ElectricenergyisinputintoEAFthroughgraphiteelectrode,andthearcbetweentheendofelectrodeandchargeisusedasheatsourceforsteelmaking.Theelectricarcfurnaceuseselectricenergyasheatsourceandcanadjusttheatmosphereinthefurnace.Itisverybeneficialforsmeltingsteelscontainingmoreoxidizableelements.Itwasusedforsmeltingalloysteelsshortlyafteritsinvention.Andithasbeengreatlydeveloped.Withtheimprovementofelectricarcfurnaceequipmentandsmeltingtechnologyandthedevelopmentofelectricpowerindustry,thecostofelectricarcfurnacesteelhasbeendecreasing.Nowelectricarcfurnaceisnotonlyusedtoproducealloysteel,butalsotoproducecommoncarbonsteelinlargequantities.Itsoutputproportioninthetotaloutputofsteelinmajorindustrialcountriesisincreasing.
TheoriginofEAFsteelmakingcanbetracedbackto1853.Pisson,aFrenchman,succeededinindirectarcheatingoverthemoltenpoolwithtwohorizontalelectrodes.In1879,K.W.Siemensusedaverticalelectrodetogeneratedirectarcswithametalpooltoheatthepool.In1899,somepeopleintheUnitedStatestriedtousetwoverticalelectrodestodirectlyheatthemoltenpool,buttheDCpowersupplywasstillused.Thepowerwasnotenoughtomeltscrapsteelandcouldnotbeusedinproduction.TherudimentofmodernEAFsteelmakingisP.L.T.Heroultelectricarcfurnace-three-phasealternatingcurrentelectricarcfurnace,whichappearedinAmericain1907.Becauseofitshighpower,flexibleprocess,scrapsteelcanbeusedasrawmaterials,highproductqualityandwinthemarket,andthenspreadtovariouscountries.
Electricarcfurnacesteelmakingisthemainmethodtoproducemediumandhighalloysteelandhighqualitysteel.Indevelopedindustrialareaswithabundantandinexpensivepowerandscrapresources,ordinarycarbonsteelproducedbyelectricarcfurnacehastakenanincreasingshareinthemarket.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandtechnology,thedemandforalloysteelandhighqualitysteelisincreasing.Bytheendof1980s,EAFsteelhasaccountedforabout30%oftheworld'stotalannualoutputofcrudesteel(seeTable1).Owingtodifferentresources,technologiesandsocialconditionsindifferentcountries,theoutputofEAFsteeloccasionallyfluctuates,butthegrowthmomentumremainsunchanged.Bytheendofthe20thcentury,theproportionofEAFsteelintheworldwillreach35%.Bythe1980sand1990s,thecapacityofelectricarcfurnaceswas40-120t,and200telectricarcfurnaceswerecommon.Thelargestcapacityofelectricarcfurnaceswas400t.However,75%oftheworld'soutputofelectricarcfurnacessteelcamefromso-called"smallsteelmills",i.e.steelmillswithcontinuouscastersandsmallrollingmills,whoseannualoutputwas50-250,000T.
ThebasicprocessofEAFsteelmakingincludesslagscraping,fillingmetalcharge,powertransmission,melting,oxidation,reductionrefiningandtapping.Accordingtothedifferentcharacteristicsofsteels,therearedifferentoperationmethods.Thetraditionalprocessmainlyhasthreestagesofmelting,oxidationandreduction.Diffusiondeoxidationandprecipitationdeoxidationareusedinthereductionstage,andwhiteslagorcarbideslagareneededtobeproduced.Thesmeltingtimeofeachfurnaceis3-4hours,andthepowerconsumptionisashighas600-700kWh/t.Withthecontinuousdevelopmentoftechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinEAFsteelmakingprocess.Duringthemeltingperiod,auxiliaryenergyisusedtoacceleratemelting,suchasinjectingoil-oxygen,naturalgas-oxygenorpulverizedcoal-oxygen.Themeltingtimeofeachfurnaceisshortenedby15-20minutes,andthepowerconsumptioncanbereducedby50-60kWh/t.Duringtheoxidationperiod,dephosphorizationiscarriedoutinadvance,oxygenisstrengthenedandfoamingismadebypowderinjection.Theamountofoxidativedecarbonizationcanbereducedfrom0.3%to0.1%-0.15%byfoamingslagandrapidheating,thustheoxidationperiodcanbeshortenedbymorethan50%.Inthereductionperiod,thediffusiondeoxidationinthetraditionalprocessisreplacedbyprecipitationdeoxidation,supplementedbydiffusiondeoxidation,whichcannotonlyachievethedesiredrefiningeffect,butalsoensurethequalityofsteelandshortenthereductiontimebymorethan60%.Whilethequalityofsteelisguaranteed,theproductivityincreasesbyabout20%,thepowerconsumptiondecreasesby10%-15%,andtheelectrodeconsumptiondecreasesbyabout8%,resultinginconsiderableeconomicbenefits.
Основные параметры электролные электродуговые печи серии Нх
The Essential Parameter of HX Type Electric-Arc Furnace Steelmaking
HX Type 3-Term Electric-Arc Furnace Steelmaking
Main Uses:
For plain steel melting, quality carbon steel and kinds of alloy steel, stainless steel.
Device Features:
HX series arc furnace is open cover and top charging.
1) According to power matching, it can divided into normal power, high power, ultra high power
2) According to the operation mode, it can divide into left operation and right operation.
3) For taping form includes: tapping from spout and tapping from the eccentric bottom.
Device Components:
Furnace body; large current system; tilting furnace mechanism; electrode lifting mechanism; cover-up rotating mechanism; water-cooling system; hydraulic system; high voltage system; electric furnace transformer; low-voltage system.
The Essential Parameter of HX Type Electric-Arc Furnace Steelmaking
|
型号 тип Type |
炉壳内径 Внутренний диаметр корпуса печи Inner Dia of Furnace Body(mm) |
容量 Емкость Capacity 额定/最大 Номинальнaя/ максимальнaя Rated/Max(t) |
变压器Transformer |
电抗器容量мощность реактора Reactor Capacity(KVAR) |
电极分布圆直径Диаметр pacпaдa электрода Dia of Electrode Distribution Circle(mm) |
电极直径 Диаметр электрода Electrode Dia (mm) |
|
|
额定容量 Номинальнaя емкость Rated Capacity(KVA) |
二次电压 Вторичное напряжение Secondary Voltage(V) |
||||||
| HX-0.5 | 2000 | 0.5/1 | 630 | 200～98 | 120 | 750 | 150 |
| HX-1.5 | 2200 | 1.5/3 | 1250 | 210～104 | 200 | 800 | 200 |
| HX-3 | 2700 | 3/8 | 2200 | 210～104 | 250 | 850 | 250 |
| HX-5 | 3200 | 5/12 | 3200 | 221～110 | 320 | 900 | 300 |
| HX-10 | 3500 | 10/16 | 5000 | 240～121 | 360 | 950 | 350 |
| 6300 | 260～139 | 360 | |||||
| HX-15 | 3700 | 15/20 | 6300 | 260～139 | 340 | 1000 | 350 |
| 9000 | 260～139 | ||||||
| HX-20 | 4000/4200 | 20/32 | 9000 | 260～139 | 1000 | 350 | |
| 12500 | 340～195 | 1050 | 400 | ||||
| 16000 | 375～200 | 1050 | 400 | ||||
| HX-30 | 4600 | 30/45 | 16000 | 375～200 | 1100 | 450 | |
| 25000 | 570～350 | 4000 | 1150 | 450 | |||
| 32000 | 650～350 | 6800 | 1250 | 450 | |||
| HX-40 | 5000 | 40/50 | 20000 | 392～158 | 1150 | 500 | |
| 31500 | 489～201 | 1250 | |||||
| HX-50 | 5000 | 50/60 | 25000 | 570～350 | 4000 | 1150 | 450 |
| 32000 | 650～350 | 6800 | 1250 | 450 | |||
| 35000 | 670～370 | 7800 | 1300 | 500 | |||
| HX-60 | 5500 | 60/80 | 40000 | 547～223 | 1350 | 550 | |
| 50000 | 610～250 | ||||||
| HX-80 | 6100 | 80/100 | 50000 | 610～250 | 1450 | 600 | |
| 63000 | 610～277 | ||||||
| HX-100 | 6400 | 100/125 | 63000 | 673～277 | 1450 | 600 | |
Main Uses:
For plain steel melting, quality carbon steel and kinds of alloy steel, stainless steel.
Device Features:
HX series arc furnace is open cover and top charging.
1) According to power matching, it can divided into normal power, high power, ultra high power
2) According to the operation mode, it can divide into left operation and right operation.
3) For taping form includes: tapping from spout and tapping from the eccentric bottom.
Device Components:
Furnace body; large current system; tilting furnace mechanism; electrode lifting mechanism; cover-up rotating mechanism; water-cooling system; hydraulic system; high voltage system; electric furnace transformer; low-voltage system.
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