Modern Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking Technology
4.1 High Power Input
High-power input improves production efficiency and reduces various consumption by shortening power-on time. Improve production efficiency and shorten non-power-on time. To shorten the electrification time, oxygen and chemical energy should be effectively utilized while high power input is needed, and the total heat transfer efficiency of power and auxiliary energy should be improved, and the heat loss of electric furnace should be reduced. The world's power input ratio is increasing, with the planned maximum transformer capacity ratio of 170MV.A/120t for large furnaces. The most productive electric arc furnace in the world is No. 2 electric arc furnace of KehlBSW, Germany. On October 21, 1999, 46 electric arc furnaces were produced with 3519t slabs. Each furnace was loaded twice with scrap steel. It operated under 75MV.A transformer capacity and 64MW average power input. The average power-on time was 22.5min, the average power consumption was 332kW.h/t, and the oxygen consumption was 38.3m3/t.
4.2 Long Arc Operation
Under high power input, the long arc low current operation has the advantages of less power loss, low electrode consumption (especially end consumption and joint loss). At present, the secondary voltage in the world shows a trend of high voltage. The maximum shunt voltage of transformer is 1700V (170MV. A), and the maximum shunt voltage is 1400V. In terms of arc voltage, the maximum actual AC furnace is 650V and DC furnace is 600-800V. The highest shunt voltage of AC furnace in Japan is 1400V (60Hz, 100/200M. VA), and reactor is also installed on the primary side of transformer when high voltage operation occurs.
4.3 Effective Utilization of Oxygen and Chemical Energy
Oxygen blowing in electric arc furnace has a long history and has been developing rapidly up to now. In recent years, long-life water-cooled spraying guns and slender supersonic oxygen flow have been widely used in medium-sized and above-medium-sized electric arc furnaces, which greatly improve the utilization rate of oxygen and the output of electric furnaces. In addition, the development of closed operation, composite burner, camera for monitoring furnace condition, high efficiency cluster oxygen lance and continuous temperature measuring device for molten steel has greatly improved the smelting level of electric arc furnace.
4.4 Furnace Wall Spray Gun
Oxygen blowing has brought many revolutionary progress in the development of electric arc furnace steelmaking. In the 1980s, self-consuming mechanical oxygen lance and water-cooled supersonic oxygen lance became conventional equipment. In recent years, a combination of preheating burner, supersonic oxygen gun, carbon powder injection and secondary combustion, which is installed on the furnace wall, has appeared. The most important technology of all kinds of furnace wall spraying guns is cluster jet. Its principle is to set annular high temperature protective airflow around the main oxygen jet to prolong the supersonic core section of the main oxygen jet. The jet energy concentration, strong stirring force and penetrating force have obvious effects on promoting slag reaction, uniform composition and temperature of molten steel, increasing oxygen utilization rate and metal yield. In recent years, it has become a revolutionary technology in the field of electric arc furnace steelmaking. Table 3 shows the application effect of Praxair Cojet technology in Baosteel DC150t double furnaces. This technology can also be used in converters and AOD furnaces. Similar technologies include RCB and CCB.
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